HSC Biology 2021 Multiple Choice Questions

1.

A patient felt tired, weak and had a swollen neck. After following the doctor’s advice to eat more foods containing iodised salt, her symptoms disappeared.

What was the most likely cause of the patient’s symptoms?

Cancer

Genetic disorder

Nutritional deficiency

Environmental exposure

2.

Which of the following photographs shows an example of sexual reproduction?

A

B

C

D

3.

A scientist transferred male gametes from one plant to another to achieve a desired characteristic in the offspring

Which genetic technology was the scientist using?

Gene cloning

Artificial pollination

Artificial insemination

Whole organism cloning

4.

Which is the most effective strategy for treating non-infectious diseases?

Hygiene

Pharmaceuticals

Quarantine

Vaccination

5.

Glucose levels are maintained by the hormones insulin and glucagon.

Which statement best describes the changes in hormone levels of a healthy human soon after a high glucose meal?

Insulin levels fall and glucagon levels rise.

Insulin levels fall and glucagon levels fall.

Insulin levels rise and glucagon levels fall.

Insulin levels rise and glucagon levels rise.

6.

A mutation involving a DNA deletion is illustrated

Which statement about the mutation is correct?

It will have an effect on many genes.

It will have an effect on only one codon

It may be the result of an error during translation

It may be the result of an error during transcription.

7.

Which of the following shows correct base pairing in DNA replication?

A

B

C

D

8.

Howard Florey conducted a breakthrough experiment in the development and use of antibiotics. He infected eight mice with Streptococcus bacteria. Four mice were given penicillin and survived while the four untreated mice died.

What conclusion could be drawn from the data obtained?

The experiment should be repeated with more mice

The use of penicillin causes antibiotic resistance in mice.

Penicillin may be used on humans safely to treat bacterial infections.

Penicillin may have played a role in the survival of the four treated mice.

9.

Streptomycin is an antibiotic that kills bacteria by interfering with the function of their ribosomes

The primary effect of the antibiotic is that it prevents the bacteria from producing

tRNA.

mRNA.

amino acids.

polypeptides.

10.

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. Many different recessive alleles cause cystic fibrosis

The four most common alleles of the CFTR gene and their frequencies in the Australian population are shown in the table.

What will be the most common genotype of cystic fibrosis patients in Australia?

a1/a1

a1/a2

A/a1

A/A

11.

Many transgenic crops have been genetically engineered to have traits such as herbicide resistance. In at least four different crops the transgene has been found in nearby wild plant relatives of the cultivated crops.

What is the most likely reason for this observation?

Crossing over in the wild plants

Gene flow from the crops to the wild plants

Genetic drift from the crops to the wild plants

Mutations in the wild plants that match the transgenes

12.

The graph shows the levels of three hormones, oestrogen, progesterone and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), measured in the blood of a woman during her pregnancy.

Which statement can be inferred from the graph?

Birth occurred about week 36.

Fertilisation occurred at day 0.

Implantation occurred about week 4.

The placenta was formed about week 24.

13.

The photographs show an open and a closed stomate on a leaf surface. When open, stomates allow water vapour to pass out of the leaf.

Regulating stomates is a mechanism by which plants maintain water balance.
Which of the following graphs best illustrates this homeostatic mechanism?

A

B

C

D

14.

The human PRNP gene codes for the prion protein. Misfolding of this protein may be the result of ingesting tissue that contains misfolded prion protein or a mutation. Accumulation of misfolded prion protein causes serious diseases such as Creutzfeldt– Jakob disease (CJD).

Which of the following statements best classifies CJD?

It is both a genetic disease and an infectious disease.

It is a genetic disease only, since it is encoded by a gene

It is not an infectious disease because the prion is non-cellular.

It is an infectious disease and the normal prion protein is the pathogen.

15.

An example of the mutagenic effect of ultraviolet radiation (UV) on DNA is shown in the diagram.

What is the mutagenic effect that is modelled?

Thymine is duplicated

Bonds are formed between adjacent bases.

Nucleotides form bonds in the backbone of DNA

Thymines on the two strands of DNA form bonds.

16.

Scientists conducted an experiment to investigate the effectiveness of treating water from storage dams with UV radiation. The experiment was conducted more than three times. The results are shown in the table.

What conclusion may be drawn from the data obtained?

The control plates are contaminated.

High doses of UV eliminate all pathogens.

Exposure to UV inhibits reproduction of bacteria

The presence of bacteria reduces the amount of UV.

17.

The images show the sequence of changes in the chromosomes (stained black) during mitosis in plant cells.

Which statement is true for mitosis?

Crossing over occurs during prophase.

Sister chromatids separate during anaphase.

Two daughter cells are produced during telophase

Homologous pairs of chromosomes line up in metaphase.

18.

Which human pedigree shows inheritance of a recessive, sex-linked characteristic?

A

B

C

D

19.

The ALDH alleles differ in their

Use the following information to answer Questions 19–20.

Alcohol that is consumed is broken down by the following pathway.

ALDH is the product of the ALDH gene. The normal allele is ALDH1 but many people have
the ALDH2 allele, which is associated with an increased risk of cancer.
Scientists have used mouse models to study the effects of ALDH2. They used wild-type mice
with ALDH1 alleles and genetically-engineered mice with one or two copies of the ALDH2 allele.
The mice were given a dose of alcohol and the response was measured. The results are shown.

The ALDH alleles differ in their

genome location.

location in gametes.

effect on phenotype.

amino acid composition.

20.

What do the data show about the effect of the ALDH2 allele?

Use the following information to answer Questions 19–20.

Alcohol that is consumed is broken down by the following pathway.

ALDH is the product of the ALDH gene. The normal allele is ALDH1 but many people have
the ALDH2 allele, which is associated with an increased risk of cancer.
Scientists have used mouse models to study the effects of ALDH2. They used wild-type mice
with ALDH1 alleles and genetically-engineered mice with one or two copies of the ALDH2 allele.
The mice were given a dose of alcohol and the response was measured. The results are shown.

What do the data show about the effect of the ALDH2 allele?

Enzyme activity is highest in homozygous mice.

Enzyme activity decreases if ALDH2 is present.

Enzyme activity increases if ALDH2 is present.

Enzyme activity is lowest in wild-type mice.

HSC Biology 2021 Multiple Choice Questions

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