55 marks – 1 and half hours
Questions
Question 1.
Compare and contrast animal and plant cell organelles. [4 marks]
Question 2.
Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes. [4 marks]
Question 3.
Evaluate the use of models in science. [6 marks]
Question 4.
Explain the evidence for evolution for an animal or plant of your choosing [4 marks]
Question 5.
Evaluate the SA:V ratio used by the respiratory, digestive and circulatory system in the human body [7 marks]
Question 6.
A keen biology student makes two observations
- i) The dolphin and shark both share similar fin configurations
- ii) The pentadactyl limb of humans and horses appear to have common bones
‘These are both examples of divergent evolution’
Assess the validity of the students conclusion [5 marks]
Question 7.
During the current outbreak of Covid 19, there have been multiple strains of the virus we have seen emerge. Explain using the theory of natural selection, why the strains appear to be more infectious. [5 mark]
Open ended and after original thought and linking together concepts learnt throughout the course.
Question 8.
Compare and contrast gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. [4 marks]
Question 9.
Evaluate the effectiveness of managing land through the introduction of non-native species [6 marks]
Question 10.
Explain how the digestive system optimizes function for various enzymes. [4 marks]
Question 11.
- What is the cell membrane made of [1 mark]
- Explain the fluid mosaic model and its importance to transport [3 marks]
Question 12.
When red blood cells are placed in:
- solution A, the red blood cells explode
- Solution B, the red blood cells shrivel up
- Solution C, the red blood cells don’t change
Rank the three solutions from most concentrated to least concentrated. [3 marks]
Answers.
Question 1.
Compare and contrast animal and plant cell organelles. [4 marks]
| Reason | Mark |
| Any two of the following for similaritiesThey both contain a nucleus which holds the cells genetic instruction, therefore, they are both eukaryoticBoth plant and animal cells contain mitochondria which allow for the creation of ATP, therefore, allowing for function of other organelles | 2 |
| Any two of the following for differencesOnly plant cells have a cell wall because they don’t have a skeletal systemChloroplasts → Animal cells have a much smaller vacuole because to allow the cells to be more mobile as animals cells are not self sufficient and are consumers. | 2 |
Question 2.
Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes. [4 marks]
Prokaryotes are bacteria
Eukaryotes are plant, animal, fungi, algae
| Reason | Mark |
| SimilaritiesBoth contain ribosomesBoth contain genetic information, with universal code for proteinsBoth contain cytoplasm | 2 |
| DifferencesProkaryotic contain no membrane bound organellesProkaryotes are often smaller and less complex | 2 |
Question 3.
Evaluate the use of models in science. [6 marks]
Scaffold:
- Topic sentence – define ‘model’ & judge
- 2-3 for and against models
- Include examples
- Allows for a more practical approach
- Draw a conclusive sentence
Question 4.
Explain the evidence for evolution for an animal or plant of your choosing [4 marks]
| Reason | Mark |
| Explains the change in environment | 1 |
| Explains subsequent change in organism | 1 |
| Mentions any of the following as evidenceBiochemistryEmbryologyBiogeographyAnatomy | 2 |
Question 5.
Evaluate the SA:V ratio used by the respiratory, digestive and circulatory system in the human body [7 marks]
| Reason | Mark |
| Links alveoli to increased SA:V ratio in lungsStates whether this is good or bad, evaluating it’s effectiveness at increasing exchange of gas | 2 |
| Links microvilli to increased SA:V ratio in small intestineStates whether this is good or bad, evaluating its effectiveness at increasing uptake of nutrients | 2 |
| Links capillaries to increased SA:V ratio in circulatory systemStates whether this is good or bad, evaluating its effectiveness at increasing exchange of nutrients, gas and waste between cells and blood | 2 |
Question 6.
A keen biology student makes two observations
- i) The dolphin and shark both share similar fin configurations
- ii) The pentadactyl limb of humans and horses appear to have common bones
‘These are both examples of divergent evolution’
Assess the validity of the students conclusion [5 marks]
| Reason | Mark |
| Assess the validity of the students statement – doesn’t say it is valid, can be invalid or partially valid | 1 |
| DefinesConvergent (analogous structures) and divergent (homologous structures) evolution | 2 |
| ExampleDivergent evolution for the pentadactyl limbConvergent evolution for the shark and dolphin fins | 2 |
Question 7.
During the current outbreak of Covid 19, there have been multiple strains of the virus we have seen emerge. Explain using the theory of natural selection, why the strains appear to be more infectious. [5 mark]
Open ended and after original thought and linking together concepts learnt throughout the course.
- Open ended application style question –> marks for skill
Question 8.
Compare and contrast gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. [4 marks]
| Reason | Marks |
| 2 ways they differ e.gShort periods of time of rapid change and times of no change (static) for punctuated equilibrium vs long gradual slow accumulative changes for Link to difference in changes of selective pressure | 2 |
| 2 ways they are similar e.gBoth a way of evolving to changes in the environmentBoth examples of Neo Darwinism | 2 |
Question 9.
Evaluate the effectiveness of managing land through the introduction of non-native species [6 marks]
| Reason | Mark |
| Provides an insightful evaluation, specifying how what they have evaluated can be better used | 2 marks |
| Provides at least 2 points for and/or against | 2 marks |
| Uses examples in answerPrickly pairCane toad | 2 marks |
Question 10.
Explain how the digestive system optimizes function for various enzymes. [4 marks]
| Reason | Mark |
| Provides at least 2 reasons for how the body optimizes function of enzyme – constant temp and varied pH | 2 marks |
| Provides example for the 2 reasons providedAll enzymes in body optimized for human body tempPepsin activated by acidic stomach pHGastric lipase optimized for function in low pHSalivary amylase optimized for more neutral pH for the mouth | 2 marks |
Question 11.
- What is the cell membrane made of [1 mark]
- Explain the fluid mosaic model and its importance to transport [3 marks]
Answer
- Phospholipid
| Reason | mark |
| Allows for the movement of the cell since nothing is fixed in place | 1 |
| Allows for exchange of gas and water molecules through the phospholipid bilayer | 1 |
| Charged molecules and molecules cannot pass through without carrier proteins assisting | 1 |
Question 12.
When red blood cells are placed in:
- solution A, the red blood cells explode
- Solution B, the red blood cells shrivel up
- Solution C, the red blood cells don’t change
Rank the three solutions from most concentrated to least concentrated. [3 marks]
| Reason | Mark |
| Correct order B, C, A | 3 |